<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135</id><updated>2011-12-30T04:34:27.599+07:00</updated><category term='GRE'/><category term='grammar'/><category term='solution'/><category term='elementary'/><category term='intermediate'/><category term='upper intermediate'/><category term='vocabulary'/><title type='text'>English for Thai People</title><subtitle type='html'>Practice makes perfect.
เรียนภาษาอังกฤษ</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>15</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-282647159267472382</id><published>2006-12-10T19:07:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-12-10T19:17:05.053+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='intermediate'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='solution'/><title type='text'>Solution: Conditional Sentences #1</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;It's raining. I can't do my shopping.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If it &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;weren't&lt;/span&gt; raining, I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;would do&lt;/span&gt; my shopping.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;สังเกตว่าใช้ were กับประธาน it (ไม่ใช้ was ตามปกติ)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;She won't wear that dress. It doesn't suit her.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If that dress&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt; suited&lt;/span&gt; her, she &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;would wear&lt;/span&gt; it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ใช้ Type 2 เนื่องจากว่าข้อความเดิมคือชุดนั้นไม่เหมาะกับเธอ เธอจึงไม่ใส่&lt;br /&gt;ในที่นี้จึงใช้ if clause แบบตรงข้ามกับความเป็นจริงในปัจจุบัน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;He couldn't go to the party because he wasn't invited.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If he &lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;had been invited&lt;/span&gt;, he &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;would have gone&lt;/span&gt; to the party.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ตรงข้ามกับความเป็นจริงในอดีต ใช้ Type 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;She didn't sign the contract because she didn't agree the terms.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If she &lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;had agreed&lt;/span&gt; the terms, she &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;would have signed &lt;/span&gt;the contract.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;if you lost your books (have to look for them)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;lost&lt;/span&gt; your books, you &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;would have&lt;/span&gt; to look for them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;if the flight's postponed (extend my holiday)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the flight &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;is&lt;/span&gt; postponed, I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;will extend&lt;/span&gt; my holiday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;if you come into a lot of money (stop working)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt; come&lt;/span&gt; into a lot of money, you &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;will stop&lt;/span&gt; working.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 153);"&gt;if all the lights had fused (call an electrician)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If all the lights &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;had fused&lt;/span&gt;, I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;would have called&lt;/span&gt; an electrician.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-282647159267472382?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/282647159267472382/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=282647159267472382' title='2 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/282647159267472382'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/282647159267472382'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/12/solution-conditional-sentences-1.html' title='Solution: Conditional Sentences #1'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-3925179853454935508</id><published>2006-12-08T21:55:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-12-10T19:16:49.469+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='intermediate'/><title type='text'>Intermediate: Conditional Setences #1</title><content type='html'>if clause เป็นเรื่องที่เรียนกันมามากมาย ลองมาทบทวนความรู้กันหน่อย&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If clause มี 3 รูปหลัก ๆ คือ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;Type 1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If (present), (future simple/present simple).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ใช้กับการสมมติในปัจจุบัน ตัวอย่างเช่น&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;go&lt;/span&gt;, I &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;will go&lt;/span&gt; with you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;สำหรับกรณีที่ verb ของ clause หลังเป็นรูป present simple จะใช้ในกรณีที่เป็นความจริงเสมอ เช่น&lt;br /&gt;If you &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;heat&lt;/span&gt; an ice cube, it &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;melts&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ก็คือถ้าน้ำแข็งร้อนขึ้น มันก็จะละลาย (เป็นความจริง 100%)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Type 2&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If (past), would* + infinitive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ใช้กับการสมมติเหตุการณ์ที่ตรงข้ามกับความเป็นจริงในปัจจุบัน เช่น&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If he &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"&gt;went&lt;/span&gt; to class, he &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0);"&gt;would learn&lt;/span&gt; English.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ความจริงคือเขาคิดว่าจะไม่ไป แต่ถ้าเขาไปเรียน เขาจะได้เรียนภาษาอังกฤษ (ตรงข้ามกับความจริงในปัจจุบัน)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;Type 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If (past perfect), would* have + V3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ใช้กับการสมมติเหตุการณ์ในอดีต (เป็นไปไม่ได้แล้ว)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If he &lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"&gt;had gone&lt;/span&gt; to class, he&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"&gt; would have learned&lt;/span&gt; English.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ถ้าเขาไปเรียน เขาจะได้เรียนภาษาอังกฤษ (แต่จริง ๆ แล้วเขาไม่ได้ไปเรียน - เหตุการณ์เกิดขึ้นในอดีตเรียบร้อยแล้ว)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;*would สามารถแทนได้ด้วย could/should/etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ที่เขียนไว้ก็เป็นตัวอย่างโครงสร้างหลัก ๆ จริง ๆ แล้วยังมีรูปแบบปลีกย่อยอีก อย่างเช่นใน Type 2 กรณีที่เห็นบ่อยอีกกรณีหนึ่งคือ "If I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;were&lt;/span&gt; you"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;Subjunctive were&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   ปกติแล้ว was จะต้องใช้กับ I แต่ในที่นี้จะใช้้ were ซึ่งเป็น subjunctive form แทน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   ตัวอย่างของ subjunctive &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;were&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If she were here, I could explain to her.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If he were more handsome, I would go out with him.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If I were you, I wouldn't do that.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;Unless&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   Unless ก็คือ if ... not นั่นเอง เรื่องของ unless พูดไปแล้ว&lt;a href="http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/elementary-unless-providedprovidingon.html"&gt;ที่นี่&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;เรื่อง variation ของ Conditional sentences ยังมีอีก แต่ลองดูตัวอย่างข้างล่างนี้ก่อน ลองเปลี่ยนเป็น if clause ดู&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It's raining. I can't do my shopping.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;She won't wear that dress. It doesn't suit her.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;He couldn't go to the party because he wasn't invited.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;She didn't sign the contract because she didn't agree the terms.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;if you lost your books (have to look for them)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;if the flight's postponed (extend my holiday)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;if you come into a lot of money (stop working)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;if all the lights had fused (call an electrician)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-3925179853454935508?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/3925179853454935508/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=3925179853454935508' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/3925179853454935508'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/3925179853454935508'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/12/intermediate-conditional-setences-1.html' title='Intermediate: Conditional Setences #1'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-7738005298572020896</id><published>2006-12-08T21:48:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-12-08T21:54:21.192+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='solution'/><title type='text'>Solution: Modals</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;Is it likely that&lt;/span&gt; he have forgotten all about it?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;He &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;is likely to&lt;/span&gt; have misunderstood you.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;She can't have sold&lt;/span&gt; her house.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;aren't allowed to&lt;/span&gt; park here.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;He &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;ought to&lt;/span&gt; have warned us about it.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;They &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;are supposed to&lt;/span&gt; pay more attention.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-7738005298572020896?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/7738005298572020896/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=7738005298572020896' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/7738005298572020896'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/7738005298572020896'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/12/solution-modals.html' title='Solution: Modals'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-3141200238529060342</id><published>2006-12-01T21:45:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-12-01T22:10:43.937+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><title type='text'>Elementary: Modals</title><content type='html'>Modal verbs คือ can, could, may, might, must, ought to, will, would, shall, should&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;modal verb เหล่านี้จะไม่ผันในกรณีตามหลังประธานที่เป็นบุรุษที่สามเอกพจน์ (he, she, it) พูดง่าย ๆ ก็คือไม่เติม s นั่นเอง&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;รูปปฏิเสธทำได้โดยเติม not หลัง modal verb ทันที&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ความหมายของ modal verbs มีหลายอย่าง เช่น&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ability: &lt;/span&gt;He can speak Chinese.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;possibility: &lt;/span&gt;She may be at home. (It is possible that she is at home.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;probability: &lt;/span&gt;She ought to be home by now. (She will probably be home.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;logical assumptions: &lt;/span&gt;He can't be serious. (I'm sure he's not serious.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;permission: &lt;/span&gt;You may be excused. (formal)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;necessity: &lt;/span&gt;She has to sell the house.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;advice: &lt;/span&gt;You ought to abide by the rules.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;criticism: &lt;/span&gt;They should have told us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;obligation: &lt;/span&gt;We ought to donate money to charity. (It's what we should do, but we don't always do it.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;requests: &lt;/span&gt;May I borrow your pen?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;offers: &lt;/span&gt;Can I help you?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;suggestions:&lt;/span&gt; Shall we go now?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;prohibition: &lt;/span&gt;You may not talk during the test.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;duty: &lt;/span&gt;People ought to live in peace.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;ทั้งนี้ก็มีคำที่มีความหมายคล้ายกับ modal verbs ได้ เช่น&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;to be supposed to + inf.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;= should แต่จะเน้นว่ามี&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;คนที่คาดหวัง&lt;/span&gt;ว่าจะเกิดเหตุการณ์อย่างหนึ่งขึ้น&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;'re supposed to&lt;/span&gt; wear a suit.&lt;br /&gt;เจ้านายคาดหวังว่าคุณจะใส่สูทไปทำงาน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt; should &lt;/span&gt;wear a suit.&lt;br /&gt;คุณควรจะใส่เพราะมันทำให้คุณดูดี&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;be to + infinitive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;= must&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;be likely to &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;= may&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;would you mind&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ใช้กับ formal requests&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;let's/how about/why don't we/what about?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ใช้เชิญชวน เสนอแนะ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;be allowed to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;บอกการอนุญาต&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;ลองเปลี่ยนประโยคด้านล่างนี้ดูโดยใช้ modal verbs หรือ expressions อื่น&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;Might&lt;/span&gt; he have forgotten all about it?&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;He &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;might&lt;/span&gt; have misunderstood you.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;I don't think&lt;/span&gt; she's sold her house.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;can't&lt;/span&gt; park here.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;He &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;should&lt;/span&gt; have warned us about it.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;They &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;ought to&lt;/span&gt; pay more attention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-3141200238529060342?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/3141200238529060342/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=3141200238529060342' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/3141200238529060342'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/3141200238529060342'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/12/elementary-modals.html' title='Elementary: Modals'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-4403820351302978888</id><published>2006-11-29T22:57:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-29T23:00:26.159+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='solution'/><title type='text'>Solution: Had better</title><content type='html'>แบบฝึกหัดนี้คงจะไม่ยากเกินไปใช่ไหม :)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should have locked the door before you set out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;It would have been better if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt; you &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;had locked &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;the door before you set out.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should go to bed as we have to be up early tomorrow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;You &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;had better go&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt; to bed as we have to be up early tomorrow.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should have asked her opinion before making a decision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;It would have been better if&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt; you &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;had asked&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt; her opinion before making a decision.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-4403820351302978888?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/4403820351302978888/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=4403820351302978888' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/4403820351302978888'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/4403820351302978888'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/solution-had-better.html' title='Solution: Had better'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-4815347718231759094</id><published>2006-11-28T19:57:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-28T20:04:24.062+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><title type='text'>Elementary: had better</title><content type='html'>had better แปลว่า should แบ่งได้เป็น 2 รูปคือ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;had better + &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;Present infinitive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ใช้กับเหตุการณ์ปัจจุบันหรืออนาคต แปลว่า ควรจะ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;He had better call his mother.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;เขาควรจะโทรหาแม่ของเขา (= He should call his mother.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;It would have been better if + &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Past Perfect&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;จะหมายถึงเหตุการณ์ในอดีต (ควรจะทำ แต่ไม่ได้ทำ)&lt;br /&gt;= should have V3 นั่นเอง (ถ้าจำรูปแบบนี้ไม่ได้ ดูที่ &lt;a href="http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/upper-intermediate-auxiliaries-perfect.html"&gt;Auxiliaries + Perfect infinitives&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;It would have been better if you hadn't drunk too much last night.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;คงจะดีกว่านี้ถ้าคุณไม่ได้ดื่มมากเมื่อคืน (&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;แต่จริง ๆ เมื่อคืนคุณดื่มมาก&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;ลองเปลี่ยนประโยคต่อไปนี้โดยใช้ had better/it would have been better if ดู&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should have locked the door before you set out.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should go to bed as we have to be up early tomorrow.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should have asked her opinion before making a decision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-4815347718231759094?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/4815347718231759094/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=4815347718231759094' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/4815347718231759094'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/4815347718231759094'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/elementary-had-better.html' title='Elementary: had better'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-1521307640231337515</id><published>2006-11-27T16:56:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-27T17:00:35.555+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='solution'/><title type='text'>Solution : Unless, Provided/Providing/On condition that</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you don't work hard today, you can't have a holiday tomorrow.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Unless&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; you work hard today, you can't have a holiday tomorrow.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I'll lend you the book if you return it next Monday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;I'll lend you the book &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;provided (that)&lt;/span&gt; you return it next Monday.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I won't lend Peter money if he doesn't need it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;I won't lend Peter money &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;unless&lt;/span&gt; he needs it.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If I don't have a quiet room, I won't able to do any work.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Unless&lt;/span&gt; I have a quiet room, I won't be able to do any work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Go on to the next unit if you have already finished Unit 2.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Go on to the next unit &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;providing (that)&lt;/span&gt; you have already finished Unit 2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You can camp in my field if you promise to leave no mess.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;You can camp in my field &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;on condition that&lt;/span&gt; you promise to leave no mess.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;Unless&lt;/span&gt; you wear boots, you may get bitten by snakes.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;If&lt;/span&gt;  he goes into that field, the bull will chase him.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You can't make tea &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;unless&lt;/span&gt; you have hot water.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;He will divorce his wife &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;unless&lt;/span&gt; she confesses her sins.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Someone will steal your car &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; you leave it unlocked.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-1521307640231337515?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/1521307640231337515/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=1521307640231337515' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/1521307640231337515'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/1521307640231337515'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/solution-unless-providedprovidingon.html' title='Solution : Unless, Provided/Providing/On condition that'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-2057226735555138121</id><published>2006-11-26T12:28:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-26T12:44:09.716+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><title type='text'>Elementary: Unless, Provided/Providing/On condition that</title><content type='html'>วันนี้มาพูดถึงเรื่องง่าย ๆ บ้างเกี่ยวกับ unless, provided (that), providing (that), on condition (that)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Unless&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;มีความหมายว่า If .... not จะใช้ใน if clause ที่เป็น&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;ปฏิเสธ&lt;/span&gt;ดังนี้&lt;br /&gt;     If + &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 204, 0);"&gt;negative&lt;/span&gt; clause .....................&lt;br /&gt;    = Unless + &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;affirmative&lt;/span&gt; clause ........................&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ตัวอย่างเช่น&lt;br /&gt;I won't have lunch with him &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;if&lt;/span&gt; he does&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;n't&lt;/span&gt; invite me.&lt;br /&gt;= I won't have lunch with him &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;unless&lt;/span&gt; he invite&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt; me.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;อย่าลืมว่าพอประโยคกลายเป็นประโยคบอกเล่าแล้ว กริยาต้องผันตามประมาณ (เช่นเติม s แบบในตัวอย่าง)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ส่วน &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;provided (that), providing (that), on condition (that)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;ใช้แทน if ในประโยค if clause ที่เป็น&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;บอกเล่า&lt;/span&gt; (affirmative)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;เช่น &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"&gt;If you obey the rules&lt;/span&gt;, you will not be punished.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;.........Provided|&lt;br /&gt;........Providing|  (that)  you obey the rules, you will not be punished.&lt;br /&gt;..On condition |&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ทั้งสามคำนี้สามารถใช้แทนกันได้ ส่วน that จะใส่หรือไม่ใส่ก็ได้&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ดูแบบฝึกหัดเลยละกัน เปลี่ยนประโยคด้านล่างโดยใช้ provided/providing/on condition that หรือ unless (แบบฝึกหัดและคำอธิบายวันนี้มาจาก Workbook 5 (M. 5) สาธิตจุฬาฯ)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you don't work hard today, you can't have a holiday tomorrow.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I'll lend you the book if you return it next Monday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I won't lend Peter money if he doesn't need it.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;If I don't have a quiet room, I won't able to do any work.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Go on to the next unit if you have already finished Unit 2.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You can camp in my field if you promise to leave no mess.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;อีกแบบฝึกหัด ให้เติม if หรือ unless ในช่องว่าง&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;______  you wear boots, you may get bitten by snakes.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;______ he goes into that field, the bull will chase him.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You can't make tea ______ you have hot water.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;He will divorce his wife ______ she confesses her sins.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Someone will steal your car ______ you leave it unlocked.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-2057226735555138121?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/2057226735555138121/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=2057226735555138121' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/2057226735555138121'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/2057226735555138121'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/elementary-unless-providedprovidingon.html' title='Elementary: Unless, Provided/Providing/On condition that'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-7460257319913483242</id><published>2006-11-25T22:02:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-25T22:12:17.554+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='GRE'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='vocabulary'/><title type='text'>GRE #1</title><content type='html'>ศัพท์ GRE (เอาเฉพาะความหมายที่ GRE เอามาออกสอบบ่อย ๆ)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;sanguine&lt;/span&gt; (adj.)  &lt;a href="http://www.webster.com/dictionary/sanguine"&gt;ฟังเสียง&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;hopeful, confident, optimistic, cheerful&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ตัวอย่าง&lt;br /&gt;He was so sanguine about the success of this trip.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-7460257319913483242?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/7460257319913483242/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=7460257319913483242' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/7460257319913483242'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/7460257319913483242'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/gre-1.html' title='GRE #1'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-4522978522176167211</id><published>2006-11-25T21:27:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-25T21:44:35.281+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='solution'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='upper intermediate'/><title type='text'>Auxiliaries + perfect infinitives : Solution</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;A: I've done all the calculations. It took me four hours to finish.&lt;br /&gt;B: But you &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;needn't have done&lt;/span&gt; all that work! We have a computer to do that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;คุณ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ไม่จำเป็น&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ต้องทำเลย เรามีคอมพิวเตอร์ไว้คำนวณแล้ว&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;needn't have taken&lt;/span&gt; a taxi. I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;should have walked&lt;/span&gt;; it was only a hundred metres.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ฉัน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ไม่จำเป็น&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ต้องนั่งแท็กซี่เลย น่าจะเดินมากกว่า&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;should have left&lt;/span&gt; a note. (It was very inconsiderate of you not to do so.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;คุณ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;น่าจะ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ทิ้งข้อความไว้ &lt;/span&gt;(ความจริงแล้วคุณไม่ได้ทิ้งไว้)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;It is possible that I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;may/might have been&lt;/span&gt; mistaken.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;was to have gone&lt;/span&gt; on Tuesday. But on Tuesday I had a terrible cold so I decided to wait till Wednesday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ฉันวางแผนว่าจะไปเมื่อวันอังคาร (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;วางแผนไว้แล้ว&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I sat on a seat in the park and now my coat is covered in green stripes.&lt;br /&gt;The paint &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;must have been&lt;/span&gt; wet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;สียังไม่แห้ง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;แน่ ๆ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;But for the fog they &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;would have reached&lt;/span&gt; the top next day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ประโยคนี้รูปแบบอาจจะไม่ค่อยคุ้น &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"&gt;But for = If it (weren't/hadn't been) for&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;If it hadn't been for the fog, they would have reached the top next day.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ถ้าไม่ใช่เพราะหมอก(ถ้าไม่มีหมอกแล้ว) พวกเขาก็คงไปถึงยอดวันถัดมา (แต่จริง ๆ แล้วมีหมอก พวกเขาเลยไปไม่ถึงยอดในวันรุ่งขึ้น)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didn't open the door.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Possibly&lt;/span&gt; she &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;may/might not have heard &lt;/span&gt;the bell.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;เธอ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;คง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ไม่ได้ยินเสียงกระดิ่ง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;He &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;should have thanked&lt;/span&gt; us. (We are offended that he didn't.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;เขา&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ควรจะ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;ขอบคุณพวกเรา (จริง ๆ แล้วเขาไม่ได้ขอบคุณ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-4522978522176167211?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/4522978522176167211/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=4522978522176167211' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/4522978522176167211'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/4522978522176167211'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/auxiliaries-perfect-infinitives.html' title='Auxiliaries + perfect infinitives : Solution'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-1780713036389633762</id><published>2006-11-24T12:49:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-25T21:45:44.907+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='upper intermediate'/><title type='text'>Upper Intermediate: Auxiliaries + perfect infinitives</title><content type='html'>การใช้ perfect infinitives กับกริยาช่วยต่าง ๆ กันมีความหมายที่แตกต่างกันออกไป สรุปแล้วมีอยู่ 8 รูปหลัก ๆ ด้วยกัน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;must have + V3                   _______บ่งบอกความ&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;แน่ใจ&lt;/span&gt;ว่าเหตุการณ์นั้นเกิดขึ้นแน่ ๆ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;can't have  + V3                   _______&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;เป็นไปไม่ได้ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;needn't have + V3               &lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;_____&lt;/span&gt;ไม่จำเป็น &lt;/span&gt;(ทำไปแล้ว โดยที่ไม่จำเป็นต้องทำ)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;should have + V3                 &lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;______&lt;/span&gt;ควรจะทำ (แต่ไม่ได้ทำ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;was/were to have  + V3       &lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;__&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;วางแผน&lt;/span&gt;ในอดีต&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;could have + V3                    _______น่าจะ/อาจจะ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;may/might have + V3                      ___ความหมายคล้าย ๆ could have&lt;br /&gt;                                               ส่วน might have คล้าย ๆ may have แต่มีความแน่ใจน้อยกว่า&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;would have + V3                   _______แปลคล้าย ๆ could have แต่ใช้แทนกันไม่ค่อยได้ (ความหมายต่างกันนิดนึง) ส่วนใหญ่จะใช้ใน If clause แบบที่ 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;รูปปฏิเสธทำได้โดยการวาง not ไว้ข้างหลังกริยาช่วย&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ฟังคำอธิบายคงยังไม่ค่อยเข้าใจ ต้องฝึกอ่านหรือฝึกทำให้เห็นบ่อย ๆ แล้วจะเข้าใจเซนส์ของมันเอง&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;must have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: I've finished.&lt;br /&gt;B: But you were only half way through when I went to bed last night. &lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;You (work) all night.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B ต้องการบอกว่าเมื่อคืนยังเห็น A ทำไปได้ครึ่งเดียวเอง เพราะฉะนั้น A &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;ต้อง&lt;/span&gt;ทำงานทั้งคืน&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;แน่ ๆ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B: But you were only half way through when I went to bed last night. You &lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;"&gt;must have worked&lt;/span&gt; all night!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;can't have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: How did he get here?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;B: He (not come) on a motorcycle.&lt;/span&gt; He doesn't have one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B บอกว่าเขา&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;ไม่ได้&lt;/span&gt;ขี่มอเตอร์ไซค์มาแน่ ๆ เพราะเขาไม่มีมอเตอร์ไซค์&lt;br /&gt;He &lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;"&gt;can't have come&lt;/span&gt; on a motorcycle. He doesn't have one.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;needn't have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: The reviews were in German. I translated them into English for her.&lt;br /&gt;B: You (not translate) them. She knows German.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B จะบอกว่าคุณ&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;ไม่จำเป็นต้อง&lt;/span&gt;แปลก็ได้ เธอรู้ภาษาเยอรมัน&lt;br /&gt;You need not have translated them. She knows German.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;สังเกตให้ดีว่า needn't have จะใช้กับกรณีมีมีการกระทำเกิดขึ้นแล้ว(แปลไปแล้ว) โดยที่การกระทำนั้นไม่จำเป็นต้องทำก็ได้(ไม่จำเป็นต้องแปลเพราะว่าเธอรู้ภาษาเยอรมัน)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;should have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: Why didn't you wait for me yesterday?&lt;br /&gt;B: I waited five minutes.&lt;br /&gt;A: You (wait) a little longer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A จะพูดว่าคุณ&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;น่าจะ(ควรจะ)&lt;/span&gt;รอนานกว่านี้อีกสักหน่อย&lt;br /&gt;You &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;should have waited&lt;/span&gt; a little longer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ประโยคที่ใช้ should have จะบอกถึงสิ่งที่ตรงข้ามกับความเป็นจริงในอดีต อย่างประโยคข้างบนก็คือ คุณควรจะรอนานกว่านี้อีกสักหน่อย &lt;span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;แต่จริง ๆ แล้วคุณไม่ได้รอ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;was/were to&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They (build) a five-storey building (&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;this was the original plan&lt;/span&gt;), but money ran out so they built a two-storey building instead.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;พวกเขา&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;ตั้งใจว่า&lt;/span&gt;จะสร้างตึก 5 ชั้น(&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;วางแผนไว้แล้ว&lt;/span&gt;) แต่ว่าเงินหมดเสียก่อน เลยสร้างแค่ 2 ชั้นแทน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;were to have built&lt;/span&gt; a five-storey building , but money ran out so they built a two-storey building instead.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;could have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You shouldn't have thrown that book out of the window. You (kill) someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;คุณไม่ควรโยนหนังสือออกนอกหน้าต่างเลย คุณ&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;อาจจะ&lt;/span&gt;ทำให้คนอื่นบาดเจ็บได้&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;You shouldn't have thrown that book out of the window. You &lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;"&gt;could have killed&lt;/span&gt; someone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;สังเกตประโยคแรกที่ใช้ shouldn't have thrown ด้วย ประโยคแปลว่าคุณไม่ควรโยนหนังสือออกนอกหน้าต่าง แต่จริง ๆ  มีการโยนหนังสือออกนอกหน้าต่างไปแล้ว&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;may/might have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A: What do you think caused the plane to crash?&lt;br /&gt;B: I think one of the passengers (have) explosives with him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;บอกถึงความเป็นไปได้ในอดีต แต่ไม่แน่ใจมากนัก ใช้ may have&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think one of the passengers &lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 0, 204); font-weight: bold;"&gt;may have had&lt;/span&gt; explosives with him.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ในประโยคนี้ใช้ can have had แทนไม่ได้ (อธิบายไม่ถูกอะ แต่ว่าความหมายมันไม่ให้)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;จะใช้ might have had แทนก็ได้ แต่ความหมายจะมีความแน่ใจน้อยกว่า&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);"&gt;would have&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the dog hadn't woken us, we (not notice) the fire for several hours.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;อันนี้อาจจะคุ้นเคยในรูปแบบของ If clause แบบที่ 3&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the dog hadn't woken us, we &lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 204);"&gt;wouldn't have noticed&lt;/span&gt; the fire for several hours.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;อาจจะงง ๆ กันอยู่ ของอย่างนี้ต้องลองทำ ต้องฝึกฝน บางครั้ง may/might have ก็อาจจะใช้แทนกับ could have ได้ ความหมายอาจจะเปลี่ยนไปเล็กน้อยแต่ยังเข้าใจอยู่&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;รูปหลัก ๆ ที่ใช้บ่อยก็น่าจะเป็น should have, can't have, needn't have&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ลองมาดูแบบฝึกหัด เปลี่ยนกริยาที่อยู่ในวงเล็บให้อยู่ในรูปที่ถูกต้อง&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;A: I've done all the calculations. It took me four hours to finish.&lt;br /&gt;B: But you (not do) all that work! We have a computer to do that.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I (not take) a taxi. I (walk); it was only a hundred metres. (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;I took a taxi but it wasn't necessary.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You (leave) a note. (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;It was very inconsiderate of you not to do so.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;It is possible&lt;/span&gt; that I (be) mistaken.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I (go) on Tuesday (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;this was the plan&lt;/span&gt;). But on Tuesday I had a terrible cold so I decided to wait till Wednesday.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I sat on a seat in the park and now my coat is covered in green stripes.&lt;br /&gt;The paint (be) wet.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;But for the fog they (reach) the top next day.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;I know she was in because I heard her radio, but she didn't open the door.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Possibly&lt;/span&gt; she (not hear) the bell.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;He (thank) us. (&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;We are offended that he didn't.&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-1780713036389633762?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/1780713036389633762/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=1780713036389633762' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/1780713036389633762'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/1780713036389633762'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/upper-intermediate-auxiliaries-perfect.html' title='Upper Intermediate: Auxiliaries + perfect infinitives'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-2220980859611718355</id><published>2006-11-23T16:29:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-24T12:48:06.257+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='solution'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='upper intermediate'/><title type='text'>Inversion I : Solution</title><content type='html'>โครงสร้างประโยคแบบ inversion คือ auxiliary verb จะมาก่อนประธาน แล้วจึงตามด้วย verb แท้&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;You can't enter the building under any circumstances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Under &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;no&lt;/strong&gt; circumstances can you &lt;/span&gt;enter the building.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;เนื่องจากประโยค Inversion นี้ ขึ้นต้นด้วย Under no circumstances &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;ไม่ใช่&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt; any circumsta&lt;/span&gt;nces กริยาช่วยซึ่งเดิมอยู่ในรูปปฏิเสธ can't ต้องเปลี่ยนเป็นรูปบอกเล่า (เนื่องจากตัวที่บอกปฏิเสธย้ายไปอยู่ที่คำว่า no แล้ว)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ส่วนถ้าจะถามว่าเป็น &lt;em&gt;Under any circumstances can you enter the building.&lt;/em&gt; ได้มั้ย คำตอบคือไม่ได้เพราะความหมายของประโยคจะเปลี่ยนไป กลายเป็นว่า &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;You can enter the building under any circumstances.&lt;/span&gt; ซึ่งก็คือเข้าได้ตลอดเวลา (แต่จริง ๆ ถ้าจะอยากให้หมายความว่าเข้าได้ตลอดเวลา จะไม่ใช้รูปประโยคนี้)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;แล้ว &lt;em&gt;Under any circumstances can't you enter the building.&lt;/em&gt; ได้หรือไม่ ก็ไม่ได้เช่นกัน (ตอนนี้ยังตอบไม่ได้ว่าทำไมไม่ได้ แต่ว่าไม่เคยเห็นรูปประโยคแบบนี้อะ ใครรู้ก็บอกมาได้นะ)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;They had no sooner finished their work than they went out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;No sooner &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 102, 204);"&gt;had they finished their work than&lt;/span&gt; they went out.&lt;br /&gt;ก็แค่สลับเอากริยาช่วยวางก่อนหน้าประธาน (they)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;She had barely finished cooking when the guests arrived.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Barely&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt; had she finished cooking&lt;/span&gt; when the guests arrived.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;He had never caught such a big fish before.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Never before &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;had he caught&lt;/span&gt; such a big fish.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;The music was so loud that we decided to leave the place.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;loud was the music that&lt;/span&gt; we decided to leave the place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;If you had paid the bill on time, the power wouldn't have been cut off.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Had &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;you paid the bill on time&lt;/span&gt;, the power wouldn't have been cut off.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;The fire door isn't to be left open on any account.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;no &lt;/strong&gt;account is the fire door&lt;/span&gt; to be left open.&lt;br /&gt;อันนี้ลักษณะคล้าย ๆ ข้อแรก คือต้องเปลี่ยน any เป็น no และตัด not ตัวหลังออก&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;Brown bread is healthier and tastier than white bread.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;Not only &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;is brown bread tastier &lt;/span&gt;than white bread, but it's healthier too.&lt;br /&gt;อันนี้ก็เป็นรูปแบบ Not only ..., but also... แต่สังเกตว่ามีการใช้ but ... too. แทน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;em&gt;He was so anxious that he couldn't speak.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Such &lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;was his anxiety that &lt;/span&gt;he couldn't speak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;อันนี้เนื่องจากประโยคบังคับมาให้ขึ้นต้นด้วย such เราก็เลยต้องเปลี่ยน anxious ให้อยู่ในรูปคำนามคือ anxiety ถ้าประโยค Inversion ขึ้นต้นด้วย so ก็จะกลายเป็น &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 102, 0);"&gt;So anxious was he that he couldn't speak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;แล้วถามว่าใช้ &lt;em&gt;Such an anxious man was he that he couldn't speak.&lt;/em&gt; ได้หรือเปล่า ประโยคนี้ถูกแกรมมาร์ แต่ว่าความหมายเปลี่ยนไปนิดหน่อย จากประโยคเดิมที่แปลว่าเขารู้สึกกังวลมากจนพูดไม่ออก(เฉพาะในเหตุการณ์นั้น) กลายเป็นเขาเป็นคนขี้กังวล(imply ว่าบุคลิกโดยปกติของเขาเป็นคนขี้กังวล)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-2220980859611718355?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/2220980859611718355/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=2220980859611718355' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/2220980859611718355'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/2220980859611718355'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/inversion-i-solution.html' title='Inversion I : Solution'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-8822387550384225430</id><published>2006-11-22T18:40:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-24T12:49:02.021+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='upper intermediate'/><title type='text'>Upper Intermediate: Inversion I</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;โดยปกติแล้วประธานจะมาก่อนกริยาในภาษาอังกฤษ แต่การทำ inversion โครงสร้างประโยคจะกลับเอากริยาช่วย (auxiliary verb) มาไว้ก่อนหน้าประธาน เพื่อเน้นความหมาย (emphasis)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;Inversion ใช้ในกรณีต่อไปนี้ (วิธีใช้นี้เอามาจากหนังสือที่ไม่รู้ชื่ออะ ใครเจอช่วยบอกหน่อย)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I. วางหลังกลุ่มคำดังนี้&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Barely, Hardly (ever) ... when&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;In no way, In/Under no circumstances&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Little&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Never (before)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Nor/Neither&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;No sooner ... than&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Not even once&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Not only ... but also&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Not since, Not till/until&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Nowhere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Only by&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Only in this way&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;On no account, On no occasion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Only then&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Rarely, Scarcely (ever) ... when&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 64, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Seldom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;Little did she say about her illness. (เธอพูดน้อยมากเกี่ยวกับความเจ็บป่วยของเธอ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;ถ้าเป็นประโยคปกติจะต้องเขียนว่า She said little about her illness. สังเกตว่าในโครงสร้าง inversion เราต้องเอากริยาช่วยมาวางไว้&lt;br /&gt;Little &lt;strong&gt;did&lt;/strong&gt; she say ไม่ใช่ &lt;strike&gt;Little said she&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strike&gt;&lt;/strike&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;II. ใช้หลังคำว่า so, such, to such a degree ที่วางไว้หน้าประโยค&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;So well did she sing that she was voted the most popular singer.&lt;br /&gt;เธอร้องเพลงได้ดีมากจนได้รับเลือกให้เป็นนักร้องดีเด่น&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;III. ใช้ใน conditional sentence&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;strong&gt;ที่มีการใช้ should, were, had (past perfect) วางไว้หน้าประโยค (มีการละ if)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;strong&gt;Should&lt;/strong&gt; you come, let me know in advance. (If you should come - Type 1)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Were&lt;/strong&gt; I you, I would not go. (If I were you - Type 2)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Had&lt;/strong&gt; he attended the lecture, he would have passed the exam. (If he had attended the lecture - Type 3)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;IV. ใช้หลัง so, neither/nor, as ซึ่งบอกการเห็นด้วย (agreement)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;"I like to eat durian." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;strong&gt;"So do I."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;"I don't like this film." &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;strong&gt;"Neither do I."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;His friends warned him not to go, &lt;strong&gt;as&lt;/strong&gt; did his parents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;V. วางหลัง adverb of place&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;There goes the bus! (แต่ There it goes!)&lt;br /&gt;Here is your book! (แต่ Here it is!)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;VI. ใน Direct speech เมื่อกริยา say วางหลังคำพูด และประธานเป็นคำนาม(ไม่ใช่สรรพนาม)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);font-size:100%;" &gt;"I made it," said &lt;strong&gt;Tom&lt;/strong&gt;. (แต่ "I made it," &lt;strong&gt;he&lt;/strong&gt; said.)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;อ่านแล้วอาจจะดูยาก แต่ของอย่างนี้ต้องฝึกบ่อย ๆ ลองเปลี่ยนประโยคด้านล่างเป็นโครงสร้างแบบ Inversion ดู&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;You can't enter the building under any circumstances.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;Under ...........................................enter the building.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;They had no sooner finished their work than they went out.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;No sooner ....................................they went out.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;She had barely finished cooking when the guests arrived.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;Barely .........................................when the guests arrived.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;He had never caught such a big fish before.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;Never before ...............................such a big fish.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;The music was so loud that we decided to leave the place.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;So ..............................................we decided to leave the place.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;If you had paid the bill on time, the power wouldn't have been cut off.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;Had ..........................................., the power wouldn't have been cut off.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;The fire door isn't to be left open on any account.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;On .............................................to be left open.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;Brown bread is healthier and tastier than white bread.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"&gt;Not only.....................................than white bread, but it's healthier too.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;อันสุดท้ายนี้ยากหน่อย&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;He was so anxious that he couldn't speak.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0);font-size:100%;" &gt;&lt;em&gt;Such...........................................he couldn't speak.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-8822387550384225430?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/8822387550384225430/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=8822387550384225430' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/8822387550384225430'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/8822387550384225430'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/upper-intermediate-inversion.html' title='Upper Intermediate: Inversion I'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-6133912432082809449</id><published>2006-11-22T09:18:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-22T09:47:46.716+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='solution'/><title type='text'>Participles: Solution</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;" &gt;I. Doing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;1. I was caught unawares so I was at a loss for words.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Being caught unaware, I was at a loss for words.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;2.  The students were bored so they started to fidget.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Being bored, &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153); font-weight: bold;"&gt;the student&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt; started to fidget.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;ข้อนี้สังเกตดี ๆ ว่า ไม่ใช่ Being bored, &lt;s&gt;they&lt;/s&gt; started to fidget. เพราะเราจะไม่รู้ว่า they คือใคร เราต้องยังคงความหมายของประโยคเดิมที่ชี้มาแล้วว่า they คือ the students&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;3. I left the party early  because I felt out of place.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Feeling out of place, I left the party early.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;สังเกตหรือเปล่าว่าประโยคเหตุอยู่ในส่วนหลัง (I felt out of place) เป็น cause ทำให้ I left the party early.&lt;br /&gt;เพราะฉะนั้นเราจะใช้ Participle ในส่วนหลัง จึงต้องย้ายเอา Feeling out of place มาขึ้นต้นประโยคก่อน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;4. They didn't have much money so they decided  to stay at home.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Not having&lt;/span&gt; much money, they decided to stay at home.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;อันนี้ลองสังเกตวิธีทำ Participle แบบปฏิเสธ เอา Not ขึ้นต้นก่อน&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;5. The police couldn't make an arrest because they didn't  have enough evidence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Not having&lt;/span&gt; enough evidence, &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;the police&lt;/span&gt; couldn't make an arrest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;อย่าลืมว่าต้องใช้ the police เพื่อบ่งบอกว่าเป็นตำรวจ ไม่ใช่ they ที่ไม่ได้ชี้เฉพาะ&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;II. Having Done&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;1. As I'd already eaten I wasn't hungry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Having already eaten, I wasn't hungry.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;2. He had to go to  hospital because he broke his leg.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Having broken his leg&lt;/span&gt;, he had to go to hospital.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;อย่าลืมว่าประโยคส่วนที่เป็น cause คือ he broke his leg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;3. After the Prime Minister had lost the  election he resigned.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Having lost the election, &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;the Prime Minister&lt;/span&gt; resigned.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;อย่าลืมใช้ the Prime Minister&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;4. I cannot recommend the film because I have not seen  it before.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Not having seen &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;the film&lt;/span&gt; before, I cannot recommend &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;it&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;ไม่ใช่ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;&lt;s&gt;Not having seen&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt; it &lt;/span&gt;before, I cannot recommend &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;the film&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/s&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;อย่าลืมย้าย the film มาไว้ประโยคหน้า มิฉะนั้นจะอ่านไม่รู้เรื่องว่า "it" ในที่นี้หมายถึงอะไร&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: italic;"&gt;5. Now that the students have covered all the points on the  syllabus they're ready for the exam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Having covered all the points on the syllabus, the students are ready for the exam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;III. Contrast Doing/Having done&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. After the secretary had typed the letters she gave them to  the boss to sign.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Having typed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt; the letters, the secretary gave them to the boss to sign.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. I was unable to sleep so I took a couple of sleeping  pills.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Being&lt;/span&gt; unable to sleep, I took a couple of sleeping pills.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. She made an appointment to see the dentist because she had a  terrible toothache.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(102, 51, 255);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Having&lt;/span&gt; a terrible toothache, she made an appointment to see the dentist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. He has to go back home because he's been refused a  visa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Having been&lt;/span&gt; refused a visa, he has to go back home.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. As I'd enjoyed the book I decided to see the film.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt;Having enjoyed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(204, 51, 204);"&gt; the book, I decided to see the film.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-6133912432082809449?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/6133912432082809449/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=6133912432082809449' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/6133912432082809449'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/6133912432082809449'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/participles-solution.html' title='Participles: Solution'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2173225400395306135.post-2299514251901694671</id><published>2006-11-21T21:00:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2006-11-22T20:54:34.779+07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='elementary'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='grammar'/><title type='text'>Elementary: Participles (Grammar)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;วันนี้จะพูดถึง Participle&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Participle นั้นจะ&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128);"&gt;ใช้ในภาษาเขียน&lt;/span&gt;  โดยทำหน้าที่เป็นตัวเชื่อม และมีผลทำให้ประโยคสั้นลง&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Participle แบ่งได้หลัก ๆ เป็น 2 รูปแบบคือ &lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"&gt;Doing (Present, past)&lt;/span&gt; และ &lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 102, 255);"&gt;Having done  (Perfect)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. Doing (Present, past)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size:85%;" &gt;I was feeling tired so I decided to go to  bed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;ในที่นี้ participle phrase จะถูกนำมาใช้ในประโยคส่วนที่บอกเหตุ  (cause)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;สังเกตว่าประโยคทั้งสองส่วนมีประธานเดียวกันคือ I  เพราะฉะนั้นเราจะละ I ออกไปตัวหนึ่ง&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;เมื่อประธานหายไป ส่วน was feeling tired ก็จะไม่เป็นประโยค  (ผิดหลักไวยากรณ์นั่นเอง) เราจะเอา Participle &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;phrase  มาใช้ตรงนี้&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;Feeling tired, I decided to go to  bed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;สังเกตว่า conjuction "so" ก็ถูกละไปด้วย  แต่ประโยคก็ยังคงความหมายเดิม&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ลองมาดูกรณีที่ 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Having done (Perfect)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);font-size:85%;" &gt;&lt;br /&gt;She failed the exam so she had to take it  again.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ประโยคก็ยังคงมีความเป็นเหตุเป็นผลกัน และมีประธานตัวเดียวกัน  เราจะเอา Participle phrase มาใช้ในส่วนที่&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;บอกเหตุ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Having failed the exam, she had to take it  again.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;คงจะสงสัยว่าแล้วทำไมกรณีนี้ไม่ใช้ &lt;s&gt;Failing the exam, she  had to take it again.&lt;/s&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;เป็นเพราะว่า Perfect บ่งบอกถึงการที่เหตุการณ์หนึ่ง ๆ  ได้ในอดีตแล้ว แต่ส่งผลมายังปัจจุบัน(หรือประโยคส่วนที่&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;บอกผล)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;นั่นก็คือ เธอสอบตกแล้ว เธอจึงต้องสอบใหม่ &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);"&gt;(เกิดขึ้นต่างเวลา)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ต่างกับประโยคตัวอย่างแรกที่ว่า ฉันรู้สึกเหนื่อย  ในขณะที่ฉันรู้สึกเหนื่อยนั่นเอง ฉันก็คิดว่าจะไปนอน&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);"&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);"&gt;(เกิดขึ้นใน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);font-size:85%;" &gt;เวลาเดียวกัน)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ในบางกรณี ประโยคก็จะใช้ perfect tense  ซึ่งเป็นการใบ้ว่าประโยคแบบนี้ควรใช้ Perfect participial phrase  เช่น&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I'm still half-asleep because I've only  just woken up.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;เป็น &lt;span style="color: rgb(153, 51, 153);"&gt;Having only just woken up, I'm still  half-asleep.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ได้ลองดูคำอธิบายแล้วก็ต้องลองฝึกเปลี่ยนประโยคเอง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I. Doing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. I was caught unawares so I was at a loss for words.&lt;br /&gt;2.  The students were bored so they started to fidget.&lt;br /&gt;3. I left the party early  because I felt out of place.&lt;br /&gt;4. They didn't have much money so they decided  to stay at home.&lt;br /&gt;5. The police couldn't make an arrest because they didn't  have enough evidence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;II. Having Done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. As I'd already eaten I wasn't hungry.&lt;br /&gt;2. He had to go to  hospital because he broke his leg.&lt;br /&gt;3. After the Prime Minister had lost the  election he resigned.&lt;br /&gt;4. I cannot recommend the film because I have not seen  it before.&lt;br /&gt;5. Now that the students have covered all the points on the  syllabus they're ready for the exam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;III. Contrast Doing/Having done&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;1. After the secretary had typed the letters she gave them to  the boss to sign.&lt;br /&gt;2. I was unable to sleep so I took a couple of sleeping  pills.&lt;br /&gt;3. She made an appointment to see the dentist because she had a  terrible toothache.&lt;br /&gt;4. He has to go back home because he's been refused a  visa.&lt;br /&gt;5. As I'd enjoyed the book I decided to see the film.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ถ้ามีเวลาก็ลองทำเล่น ๆ ดู เดี๋ยวพรุ่งนี้มาเฉลย&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/2173225400395306135-2299514251901694671?l=dailyenglish.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/feeds/2299514251901694671/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=2173225400395306135&amp;postID=2299514251901694671' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/2299514251901694671'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2173225400395306135/posts/default/2299514251901694671'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://dailyenglish.blogspot.com/2006/11/elementary-participles-grammar.html' title='Elementary: Participles (Grammar)'/><author><name>Fon</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/18251853088520048483</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>
