Participles: Solution

I. Doing

1. I was caught unawares so I was at a loss for words.

Being caught unaware, I was at a loss for words.

2. The students were bored so they started to fidget.

Being bored, the students started to fidget.
ข้อนี้สังเกตดี ๆ ว่า ไม่ใช่ Being bored, they started to fidget. เพราะเราจะไม่รู้ว่า they คือใคร เราต้องยังคงความหมายของประโยคเดิมที่ชี้มาแล้วว่า they คือ the students

3. I left the party early because I felt out of place.

Feeling out of place, I left the party early.
สังเกตหรือเปล่าว่าประโยคเหตุอยู่ในส่วนหลัง (I felt out of place) เป็น cause ทำให้ I left the party early.
เพราะฉะนั้นเราจะใช้ Participle ในส่วนหลัง จึงต้องย้ายเอา Feeling out of place มาขึ้นต้นประโยคก่อน

4. They didn't have much money so they decided to stay at home.

Not having much money, they decided to stay at home.
อันนี้ลองสังเกตวิธีทำ Participle แบบปฏิเสธ เอา Not ขึ้นต้นก่อน

5. The police couldn't make an arrest because they didn't have enough evidence.

Not having enough evidence, the police couldn't make an arrest.
อย่าลืมว่าต้องใช้ the police เพื่อบ่งบอกว่าเป็นตำรวจ ไม่ใช่ they ที่ไม่ได้ชี้เฉพาะ

II. Having Done

1. As I'd already eaten I wasn't hungry.

Having already eaten, I wasn't hungry.

2. He had to go to hospital because he broke his leg.

Having broken his leg, he had to go to hospital.
อย่าลืมว่าประโยคส่วนที่เป็น cause คือ he broke his leg

3. After the Prime Minister had lost the election he resigned.

Having lost the election, the Prime Minister resigned.
อย่าลืมใช้ the Prime Minister

4. I cannot recommend the film because I have not seen it before.

Not having seen the film before, I cannot recommend it.
ไม่ใช่ Not having seen it before, I cannot recommend the film.
อย่าลืมย้าย the film มาไว้ประโยคหน้า มิฉะนั้นจะอ่านไม่รู้เรื่องว่า "it" ในที่นี้หมายถึงอะไร

5. Now that the students have covered all the points on the syllabus they're ready for the exam.

Having covered all the points on the syllabus, the students are ready for the exam.


III. Contrast Doing/Having done

1. After the secretary had typed the letters she gave them to the boss to sign.

Having typed the letters, the secretary gave them to the boss to sign.

2. I was unable to sleep so I took a couple of sleeping pills.

Being unable to sleep, I took a couple of sleeping pills.

3. She made an appointment to see the dentist because she had a terrible toothache.

Having a terrible toothache, she made an appointment to see the dentist.

4. He has to go back home because he's been refused a visa.

Having been refused a visa, he has to go back home.

5. As I'd enjoyed the book I decided to see the film.

Having enjoyed the book, I decided to see the film.